秋宿湘江遇雨
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唐代]：谭用之
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渔人相见不相问，长笛一声归岛门。
秋宿湘江遇雨译文及注释
译文
湘江上阴云笼罩，使人心情郁闷。深夜里徘徊江岸，想起刘琨的远大抱负。
秋风吹动，万里芙蓉花摇曳生姿。暮雨洗尘，千村的薜荔枝苍翠可爱。
乡思难耐，看见橘柚更令人悲叹。羁旅他乡，如被弃的山野之人无人看重。
就是打鱼人和我相见，也不与我说一句话。自管吹着长笛回岛去了。
注释
湘江：即湘水，发源于广西兴安县海阳山，北流至湖南，注入洞庭湖，是湖南省最大的河流。
锁：束缚，封住。
梦魂：梦乡之魂，指思乡之情。
刘琨：晋朝人，少怀壮志，与祖逖相互激励，常闻鸡鸣而起来舞剑，准备为国家作一番事业。后来常用这个故事以表示胸怀壮志。
芙蓉国：湖南省内因广种荷花，故有芙蓉国之称。
薜荔：又名木莲，一种常绿蔓生植物，多生于田野间。古人把它看香草。屈原《九歌·山鬼》：“若有人兮山之阿，被薜荔兮带女萝。”
橘、柚：这两种水果都盛产于南方，在秋冬成熟。橘一向被称为“嘉树”。
旅游：离家旅行在外。
王孙：本意是贵族子弟，有时也指隐士，这里是作者自指。《楚辞·招隐士》：“王孙游兮不归，春草生兮萋萋。”
岛门：岛上。
参考资料：
1、肃静，阿华．《中国名胜风光诗词选》．北京：中国书店，1992：360
2、秦似．《唐诗新选》．武汉：湖北教育出版社，2001：1044
3、蓝光中．《历代诗歌选读·下卷》．广州：中山大学出版社，2011：34
4、郑春山，李学文．《千古绝唱：中国古典文学赏析·卷四》．北京：中国言实出版社，1999：2636
5、赵丽雅．《唐诗鉴赏解析》．延吉：延边人民出版社，2001：1111
6、杨佐义．《全唐诗精选译注（下）》．长春：长春出版社，2000：750-751
秋宿湘江遇雨创作背景
这首七律，写于诗人旅游他乡，遇雨受阻，夜泊湘江之中。全诗通过对秋风暮雨景象凄凉的写照，抒发了诗人游子思乡和怀才不遇的感叹。
参考资料：
1、周蒙，冯宇．《韵语品汇：古典诗词名篇鉴赏集》．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，2008：434
秋宿湘江遇雨鉴赏
这首诗通过描写湘江秋雨的苍茫、寂寥景色，抒发诗人的怀才不遇之感，语意极为沉痛、悲凉。
诗歌一开篇便起得雄浑壮阔。“湘上阴云锁梦魂”，这一句不但形象地描绘出暴雨将至之时的那种风急浪高、阴云密布的景色，而且点明题意，交代因雨受阻、夜宿湘江的缘由。一个“锁”字，流露出诗人被迫困于此地的无奈和怅惘。不过，由于整句取景壮阔，无奈怅惘之中并无衰飒之气，反倒更加激发了诗人的豪情壮志，所以接下来的“江边深夜舞刘琨”一句，诗人即用刘琨闻鸡起舞的故事，表明自己奋发振作、立志救时的抱负和决心。
颔联则转为描写湘江的秋雨景色。“秋风万里芙蓉国，暮雨千家薜荔村”，这两句既对仗工整，又写景壮丽。秋风暮雨之中，诗人眺望远方，只见湘江两岸，满目所见，尽是花枝繁密的芙蓉和随风摇曳的薜荔，煞是美丽。描写“芙蓉”的诗句最早见于中唐柳宗元《芙蓉亭》：“新亭俯朱槛，嘉木开芙蓉。”名之以“芙蓉国”和“薜荔村”，本已极言其多、其盛，再加上“万里”和“千家”的修饰语，则显得更加幅员辽阔，展现出一片广阔无边的花海和绿色原野，面对这样的壮丽景色，诗人的心境也不由得更加开阔了。
颈联由写景转入抒情。其中“乡思不堪悲橘柚”一句，主要抒发诗人的思乡之情和生不逢时之悲。橘树生长于南方，一旦移植到北方栽种，因为气候、土壤等条件的变化，结出的果实味道就会有所不同，所以有“橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳”之说。湖南地处南方，故盛产橘柚，何况眼下又是橘柚成熟的季节，湘江两岸必定是金黄一片、硕果累累。诗人见此情景，对于橘树的适得其所，不禁心向往之。相形之下，自己滞留此地，已是身不由己，再加上生不逢时、有志难骋的遭遇，不觉更加凄苦、悲凉。于是，只能将满腹辛酸化为一声“旅游谁肯重王孙”的呼喊。“王孙”语出淮南小山《楚辞·招隐士》，意为隐居的贤士，后来也用来称呼游子，此处则二意并存，借指诗人自己。诗人怀抱经世之才和救世之志，然而却始终不被重视，只能到处漂泊，这其中的苦楚却无人明白。
尾联则以写景作结。“渔人相见不相问，长笛一声归岛门”两句，暗用屈原与渔父之事。屈原虽然不被世人理解，但是尚有渔父与之对话，而自己竟然连屈原都不如，一种世无知音的悲愤溢于言表，令人感慨万千。
此诗写景抒情，章法严密。一方面情景分明，二者相问写来；另一方面又能融情人景，表现出由雄壮到悲愤的巨大变化，因此极易打动人心。
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上一首：
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李白《
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玉真公主别馆苦雨赠卫尉张卿二首》
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下一首：
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白居易《
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秋雨中赠元九》
谭用之简介
唐代·谭用之的简介
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谭用之，[约公元九三二年前后在世]，里居及生卒年均不详，约后唐明宗长兴中前后在世。善为诗而官不达。著有诗集一卷，《新唐书艺文志》传于世。
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陈良贵
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墨水东驰一鉴悬，隔江幽趣浩无边。閒凭古刹峰千点，远望春波水满田。
野客到时鸥自狎，禅僧定后鹤初旋。重寻未有三生约，一笑归来月满川。